Dr. Ambar P. Daware

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Arthritis

Arthritis

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is a common yet complex condition that refers to inflammation of one or more joints. It can affect people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, although it is most common in older adults. Arthritis typically leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility in the affected joints. Over time, if left untreated, it may cause permanent joint damage and impair daily activities. The two most common forms of arthritis are Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). While OA results from wear and tear of the joints, RA is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the joints.Arthritis can be a debilitating condition, but with the right approach, it can be effectively managed. Early diagnosis, a multidisciplinary treatment plan, lifestyle changes, and proper medical support can help you lead an active, pain-free life. If you’re experiencing persistent joint pain or stiffness, consult an arthritis specialist to get the care you need.

Symptoms of Arthritis

The signs and symptoms of arthritis vary depending on the type but commonly include:

  • Joint pain and stiffness
  • Swelling and tenderness in one or more joints
  • Reduced range of motion
  • Redness or warmth around the joints
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Joint deformity in severe cases
  • Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes (commonly seen in RA)

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Age: Risk increases with age
  • Gender: Women are more likely to develop RA; men more often develop gout
  • Family history: Genetics can play a role
  • Obesity: Extra weight puts more stress on joints
  • Injuries: Joint injuries can lead to osteoarthritis later
  • Infections or autoimmune disorders: Can trigger or worsen arthritis

Types of Arthritis

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) – Degenerative joint disease due to cartilage breakdown
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) – Autoimmune disorder affecting joint lining
  • Psoriatic Arthritis – Associated with psoriasis skin condition
  • Gout – Caused by uric acid crystal buildup
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis – Affects spine and pelvis
  • Juvenile Arthritis – Affects children under 16
  • Reactive Arthritis – Triggered by infections in other parts of the body

Diagnosis and Procedures

Diagnosing arthritis involves a combination of:

  • Medical history and physical exam
  • Blood tests (e.g., rheumatoid factor, ESR, CRP)
  • Imaging tests (X-rays, MRI, Ultrasound)
  • Joint fluid analysis

Treatment Options for Arthritis

There is no permanent cure for most types of arthritis, but effective treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

1. Medications:

  • Pain relievers (paracetamol, NSAIDs)

  • Anti-inflammatory drugs

  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for RA

  • Biologic response modifiers

  • Corticosteroids

2. Physical Therapy:

  • Tailored exercise programs

  • Strengthening and flexibility training

  • Assistive devices (braces, canes)

3. Lifestyle Modifications:

  • Weight management

  • Low-impact exercises (yoga, swimming)

  • Anti-inflammatory diet rich in omega-3, antioxidants

4. Surgical Options:

  • Joint replacement surgery (knee, hip)

  • Arthroscopy (removal of debris or repair)

  • Joint fusion

Prevention and Risk Reduction

While not all types of arthritis are preventable, you can significantly reduce your risk by:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight

  • Staying physically active

  • Avoiding joint injuries

  • Eating a balanced diet

  • Managing chronic diseases like diabetes or hypertension

  • Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption

Benefits of Early Diagnosis and Management

  • Reduces joint damage and deformities
  • Preserves joint function and mobility
  • Improves daily functioning and independence
  • Minimizes pain and inflammation
  • Enhances overall quality of life
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